<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<issue_export_package generated_at="2026-10-17T15:04:50+00:00">
  <journal>
    <title>Journal of Business and Retail Management Research</title>
    <acronym>JBRMR</acronym>
    <issn_print></issn_print>
    <issn_online>2056-6271</issn_online>
    <doi_prefix>https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/</doi_prefix>
  </journal>
  <issue>
    <id>47</id>
    <volume>Volume 15</volume>
    <name>Issue 01</name>
    <published_month>2020-10-01</published_month>
    <full_pdf_url>https://jbrmr.com/cdn/issue_file/2021-03-23-10-35-20-AM.pdf</full_pdf_url>
  </issue>
  <articles>
    <article>
      <id>549</id>
      <title>The sales effect of in-store product displays: The special case of total product relocation</title>
      <url>https://jbrmr.com/details&amp;cid=549</url>
      <published_date>2020-10-27</published_date>
      <abstract>Purpose of the research: Special product displays are expected to increase sales of the products they contain. Opposite to the rich existing literature on the impact of product in-store displays, we investigate the case of total product relocation instead of using the display location as an additional sales spot (secondary location strategy). Design/methodology: In our setting, products are fully taken off the usual shelf and put into special displays close to the checkout area. We use data from a field experiment conducted in 214 stores of a German perfumery chain, in which eight products were moved to an in-store display. Results/findings: Compared to the control group, the treated products placed in display boxes show a statistically significant increase in sales. The precise effect differs markedly between the investigated products, ranging from 80% to 478%. Accumulated sales increased by 217.69€ per week on average due to the installation of product displays. We can conclude that complete relocation, indeed, boosts sales, but the precise magnitude seems to be driven by factors not covered in this study. Practical implications and Conclusions: Based on the product selection, the results seem transferable to both other perfumery stores as well as general supermarkets. However, given the low additional revenues, retailers must consider all the additional costs associated with the implementation of product displays such as the costs of installing and maintaining the display, the costs of removing tags and rearranging the former shelf, and any opportunity costs. If these costs do not exceed the estimated effect, then the installation could be of economic importance.  </abstract>
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      <pdf_url>https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/2020-10-27-12-06-54-PM.pdf</pdf_url>
      <authors>
        <author>Daniel Weimar</author>
        <author>Christian Deutscher</author>
        <author>Reinhold Decker</author>
      </authors>
      <keywords>
        <keyword>Real sales data</keyword>
        <keyword>in-store product displays</keyword>
        <keyword>product placement</keyword>
        <keyword>replacement</keyword>
        <keyword>economic relevance</keyword>
      </keywords>
      <metrics>
        <views>886275</views>
        <downloads>257</downloads>
        <citations>2</citations>
      </metrics>
      <declarations>
        <funding></funding>
        <conflict_of_interest></conflict_of_interest>
        <data_availability></data_availability>
        <author_contributions></author_contributions>
      </declarations>
      <supplementary_materials/>
    </article>
    <article>
      <id>550</id>
      <title>Developing a framework for block chain adoption using TOE model</title>
      <url>https://jbrmr.com/details&amp;cid=550</url>
      <published_date>2020-10-27</published_date>
      <abstract>The purpose -Block chain has numerous benefits such as decentralization, persistency, anonymity, and auditability. Although a number of studies focus on using the block chain technology in various application aspects, there is not a specific previous study focus on the block chain technology in both technological context and business organizations through the supply chain flows. Therefore, the purpose of this paper empathizes how using the technological theories and block chain technologies through the supply chain will affect it as a whole; in addition to such adoption is very rare to be represented especially in developing countries as this part is fulfilled by our paper research. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through a self-created questionnaire a number of 427 respondents were included in the questionnaire analysis which were collected from employees of supply chain and logistics companies. Practical implications – The findings reveal the importance after conducting regression analysis and SEM, it was observed that reducing complexity and lowering supply chain investment costs associated with traditional supply chain transactions were some of the key drivers for block chain adoption, as well as a desire to benefit from enhanced compatibility and regulatory support. However, achieving security is considered as the main and most important driver. Originality/value -This research provides an insight to understand the significant dimensions of block chain adoption, where the dimensions of security, regulatory support, competitive pressure, compatibility, and complexity are found to have a significant effect on block chain adoption</abstract>
      <references>Alexandre Arnolado, A. B. (2018). An exploaration of BlockChain TEchnology in Supply Chain Management. Research Gate , 13. Amini, M., (2014). The factors that influence on adoption of cloud computing for small and medium enterprises. Anders Tveita, M. B. (2018). The Adapation Of Block Chain Technology In NOrwegian Corporations. International School of Ecnomics Schools , 101. Dobrovnik, M. (2016). Block Chain for and in Logistics : What to adapt and where to start. MDPI, 23. Fowler Jr, F.J., (2013). Survey research methods. Sage publications. Gutierrez, A., Boukrami, E. and Lumsden, R., 2015. Technological, organizational, and environmental factors influencing managers’ decision to adopt cloud computing in the UK. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 28(6), pp.788-807. Gammelgaard, B. (2019). Block Chain Technology Chains . Samarbedje med bussines school , 39.  Wangui, R., (2018). Perception of Procurement Professionals on the Adoption of Block chain Technologies and Its Impact on Supply Chain Management in Kenya.  </references>
      <pdf_url>https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/2020-10-27-12-17-31-PM.pdf</pdf_url>
      <authors>
        <author>Hany. Hanna</author>
        <author>Mai.H. Haroun</author>
        <author>Nermin Gohar</author>
      </authors>
      <keywords>
        <keyword>Block chain Adoption</keyword>
        <keyword>Supply chain management</keyword>
        <keyword>Technology-Organization –Environment (TOE).</keyword>
      </keywords>
      <metrics>
        <views>622137</views>
        <downloads>186</downloads>
        <citations>15</citations>
      </metrics>
      <declarations>
        <funding></funding>
        <conflict_of_interest></conflict_of_interest>
        <data_availability></data_availability>
        <author_contributions></author_contributions>
      </declarations>
      <supplementary_materials/>
    </article>
    <article>
      <id>551</id>
      <title>Error Management Culture and its impact on organizational performance: A moderated mediation model</title>
      <url>https://jbrmr.com/details&amp;cid=551</url>
      <published_date>2020-10-27</published_date>
      <abstract>Errors are ubiquitous in organizational life and have both positive and negative consequences for organizational performance. Given its importance, we have developed a moderated mediated model to analyze the impact of organizational error management culture on organizational performance by extending error management and share cognition theory.  The newly developed model was tested in the service industry of Pakistan. The sample size of the study was 300 employees with a response rate of 96%. The data was collected through a web-based questionnaire. The constructs used in the study were adapted from earlier established scales and measures. Smart PLS was used to test the structural model. Consistent with our hypotheses, the results show that error management culture is positively related to organizational performance and this relationship is mediated by organizational learning from errors and innovative work behavior. The results further demonstrated that perceived psychological safety moderated the direct relationship between organizational learning from errors and error management culture in such a way that relationship is stronger when perceived psychological safety is high.  The current study extends the relevant literature and has significant implications for management, theory, and research. For instance, perceived psychological safety in earlier studies has been used as a mediator while we have used it as a moderator. In addition, we tested multi mediation (i.e., organizational learning from errors and innovative work behavior) to empirically validate the relationship of error management culture and organizational performance  </abstract>
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Rosenbusch, N., Brinckmann, J., &amp; Bausch, A. (2011). Is innovation always beneficial? A meta-analysis of the relationship between innovation and performance in SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4), 441–457. Rybowiak, V., Garst, H., Frese, M., &amp; Batinic, B. (1999). Error orientation questionnaire (EOQ): Reliability, validity, and different language equivalence. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 20(4), 527–547. Salas, E., Wildman, J. L., Burke, C. S., &amp; Goodwin, G. F. (2008). Team effectiveness in complex organizations: An overview. In Team Effectiveness in Complex Organizations (pp. 37–50). Routledge. Sanner, B., &amp; Bunderson, J. S. (2013). Psychological safety, learning, and performance: A comparison of direct and contingent effects. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013, 10198. Academy of Management Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510. Sanner, B., &amp; Bunderson, J. S. (2015). When feeling safe isn’t enough: Contextualizing models of safety and learning in teams. Organizational Psychology Review, 5(3), 224–243. Schein, E. H. (1985). Defining organizational culture. Classics of Organization Theory, 3, 490–502. Scott, S. G., &amp; Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580–607. Shih, H.-A., &amp; Susanto, E. (2011). Is innovative behavior really good for the firm? Innovative work behavior, conflict with coworkers and turnover intention: Moderating roles of perceived distributive fairness. International Journal of Conflict Management, 22(2), 111–130. Sinkula, J. M., Baker, W. E., &amp; Noordewier, T. (1997). A framework for market-based organizational learning: Linking values, knowledge, and behavior. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(4), 305. Sitkin, S. B., Sutcliffe, K. M., Roger, G., &amp; Schroeder, R. G. (1994). 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Academy of Management Journal, 53(2), 323–342. Zhan, M., &amp; Hample, D. (2016). Predicting employee dissent expression in organizations: A cost and benefits approach. Management Communication Quarterly, 30(4), 441–471. Zhao, B., &amp; Olivera, F. (2006). Error Reporting in Organizations. Academy of Management Review, 31(4), 1012–1030. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.22528167 Zohoori, M., Mohseni, S., Samadi, B., &amp; Attarnezhad, O. (2013). The relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation in understand their electronic industry of Iran. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 1(1), 26–33.</references>
      <pdf_url>https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/2020-10-27-12-52-47-PM.pdf</pdf_url>
      <authors>
        <author>Bushra Javed</author>
        <author>Tariq Jalees</author>
        <author>Gobind M. Herani</author>
        <author>Jo-Ann Rolle</author>
      </authors>
      <keywords>
        <keyword>Error management culture</keyword>
        <keyword>innovative work behavior</keyword>
        <keyword>organizational learning from errors</keyword>
        <keyword>and perceived psychological safety</keyword>
      </keywords>
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    <article>
      <id>552</id>
      <title>Determinants of Hungarian negotiators’ trust-level</title>
      <url>https://jbrmr.com/details&amp;cid=552</url>
      <published_date>2020-10-27</published_date>
      <abstract>Trust is considered to be an essential element of effective business relationships. However, it is not easy to build trust as it varies from culture to culture which aspects influence trust-level. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to discuss the importance of trust in cross-cultural business contexts from Hungarian negotiators’ viewpoint as well as to reveal the factors that determine their trust-level. This provides the originality of the paper, since no research like this has been conducted so far. To achieve this purpose, an assumption was formulated and tested using data deriving from a two-phase research. In the first phase, a questionnaire survey was carried out to assess the importance of trust in cross-cultural business contexts, and then structured interviews were conducted to reveal the determinants of the respondents’ trust-level. The findings show that the factors related to the relationship (e.g. previous experience, duration of the relationship, frequency of the contacts) determine the respondents’ trust-level the most, however, the role of stereotypes is also important. It is also revealed that the potential consequences of the low level of trust include more regulations, more misunderstandings, and changed behaviour and attitude. The paper concludes that even though stereotypes are not the most determining factors, their role is remarkable. The paper also formulates some practical implications, namely that Hungarian negotiators should use stereotypes accurately to avoid behaviours that diminish trust, and foreign businesspeople should be aware of the fact that stereotypes sometimes determine their Hungarian partners’ attitude and trust-level.  </abstract>
      <references>Ablonczy-Mihályka, L. (2014). When in Rome Do as the Romans Do: Is It a Reality of Business Life? In: Proceedings of the 14th International Academic Conference. [online] Prague: International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences (IISES), pp. 1-9. Available at: https://iises.net/proceedings/14th-international-academic-conference-malta/table-of-content/detail?article=when-in-rome-do-as-the-romans-do-is-it-a-reality-of-business-life- [Accessed 23 Nov. 2019] Ablonczy-Mihályka, L. (2015). Cross-Cultural Communication Breakdowns: Case Studies from the Field of Intercultural Management. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Academic Conference. [online] Prague: International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences (IISES), pp. 22-32. Available at: https://iises.net/proceedings/18th-international-academic-conference-london/table-of-content/detail?article=cultural-communication-breakdowns-case-studies-from-the-field-of-intercultural-management [Accessed 24 Nov. 2019] Adler, N. and Aycan, Z. (2018). Cross-Cultural Interaction: What We Know and What We Need to Know? Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, pp. 307-333. Adler, N. and Graham, J. (2017). Cross-Cultural Interaction: The International Comparison Fallacy? In: Language in International Business. JIBS Special Collections. Cham: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 33-58. Adler, P. (2001). Market, Hierarchy, and Trust: The Knowledge Economy and the Future of Capitalism. Organization Science, 12(2), pp. 215-234. Aulakh, P. and Kotabe, M. (1996). Trust and Performance in Cross-Border Marketing Partnerships: A Behavioural Approach. Journal of International Business Studies, 27(5), pp. 1005-1032. Bárczi, G. and Országh, L. (1962). The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language. (A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. Caputo, A., Ayoko, O., Amoo, N. and Menke, C. (2019). The Relationship Between Cultural Values, Cultural Intelligence and Negotiation Styles. Journal of Business Research, 99, pp. 23-36. Coase, R. (1937). The Nature of the Firm. Economica, 4(16), pp. 386-405. Covey, S. (2006). The Speed of Trust. New York: Free Press. Cummings, L. and Bromiley, P. (1996). The Organizational Trust Inventory (OTI): Development and Validation. In: R. Kramer and T. Tyler, eds., Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 302-330. Das, T. and Teng, B.-S. (2004). The Risk-based View of Trust: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Business and Psychology, 19(1), pp. 85-119. Dinkevych, E., Wilken, R., Aykac, T., Jacob, F. and Prime, N. (2017). Can Outnumbered Negotiators Succeed? The Case of Intercultural Business Negotiations. International Business Review, 26(3), pp. 592-603. Doney, P., Cannon, J. and Mullan, M. (1998). Understanding the influence of national culture on the development of trust. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), pp. 601-620. Eberl, P. (2004). The Development of Trust and Implications for Organizational Design: A Game- and Attribution-Theoretical Framework. Schmalenbach Business Review, 56(3), pp. 258-273. Ferrin, D., Bligh, M. and Kohles, J. (2007). Can I Trust You to Trust Me? A Theory of Trust, Monitoring, and Cooperation in Interpersonal and Intergroup Relationships. Group &amp; Organization Management, 32(4), pp. 465-499. Finuras, P. (2019). Culture Differences and Trust. Journal of Intercultural Management and Ethics, 4, pp. 5-12.  Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press. Gesteland, R. R. (2005). Cross-Cultural Business Behavior. Negotiating, Selling, Sourcing and Managing Across Cultures. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press, Liber, Universitetsforlaget. Hall, W. (1995). Managing Cultures: Making Strategic Relationships Work. Chichester: Wiley. Håkansson, H. and Snehota, I. (1995). Developing Relationships in Business Networks. London: Routledge. Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw-Hill.  Kumar, N. (1996). The Power of Trust in Manufacturer-Retailer Relationships. Harvard Business Review, 74(6), pp. 93-107. Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Merkin, R. (2017). Saving Face in Business: Managing Cross-Cultural Interactions. New York: Springer. Nádai, J. (2017). Stereotypes: An obstacle or trigger to business success? European Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(1), pp. 174-180. Peleckis, K., Peleckiené, V. and Peleckis, K. (2015). Trust Building Problems in Business Negotiations and Business Meetings: Interference, Stereotypes, Trust Substitutes. Journal of Management Policies and Practices, 3(2), pp. 51-59. Ring, P. and Van de Ven, A. (1992). Structuring Cooperative Relationships Between Organizations. Strategic Management Journal, 13(7), pp. 483-498. Szepesi, B. and Szabó-Morvai, Á. (2009). The infrastructure of Trust – The Guarantees of Companies’ Cooperation in Hungary. (A bizalom infrastruktúrája – a vállalkozások együttműködésének biztosítékai Magyarországon.) Közjó és Kapitalizmus Intézet, Műhelytanulmány, 17, 47 p.  Thibaut, J. and Kelley, H. (1959). The Social Psychology of Groups. New York: Wiley. Thomas, G., Zolin, R. and Hartman, J. (2009). The Central Role of Communication in Developing Trust and Its Effect on Employee Involvement. International Journal of Business Communication, 46(3), pp. 287-310.  Tompos, A. (2014). How Stories Contribute to a Deeper Understanding of Cultures Introductions. Sociokulturnyje Problemy Jazyka I Kommunikacii: Sbornik Naucnych Trudov, 9, pp. 164-174.  Tompos, A. (2015). Austrian and Hungarian Values and Norms in Cross-Cultural Management Research. Impresa Progetto – Electronic Journal of Management, 12(3), Paper Tompos, 16 p. Available at: https://www.impresaprogetto.it/sites/impresaprogetto.it/files/articles/2015_3_tompos.pdf [Accessed 11 Nov. 2019]  </references>
      <pdf_url>https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/2020-10-27-12-56-33-PM.pdf</pdf_url>
      <authors>
        <author>Julia Szoke</author>
      </authors>
      <keywords>
        <keyword>Business</keyword>
        <keyword>cross-cultural contexts</keyword>
        <keyword>Hungarian negotiators</keyword>
        <keyword>trust</keyword>
      </keywords>
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    <article>
      <id>554</id>
      <title>Saudi Aramco’s IPO: The motivational factors involved in the purchase of Saudi Aramco shares</title>
      <url>https://jbrmr.com/details&amp;cid=554</url>
      <published_date>2020-10-27</published_date>
      <abstract>This study investigates the main reasons behind the purchase of Aramco shares. It examines whether the following financial variables: financial literacy, financial self-efficacy, financial behavior and financial perceived value influence the attitude towards Saudi Aramco's IPO. Other variables dealing with environmental concerns and patriotism perception were added to this analysis, making it one of the pioneer studies in this field. A primary data collection through a survey questionnaire and structural equation modeling (SPSS-AMOS-26) were followed to study our research hypotheses. Our findings highlight a significant relationship between patriotism level, environmental concerns and attitude towards Saudi Aramco's IPO, which may encourage financial institutions to slot this investors’ psychosocial side in their marketing strategy, making environment sustainability a part of their corporate identity. Our study will also open the way for further investigation on the role played by these variables on financial decision making and to what extend a financial organization can use them to enhance its performance and gain investors’ attention.   </abstract>
      <references>Arianti, B. F. (2018). The influence of financial literacy, financial behavior, and income on Investment decision. Economics and Accounting Journal, 1(1):1-10. Arifin, A Z.  (2017). The influence of Financial knowledge, Control, and income on individual financial behavior. European Research Studies Journal, 20(3): 635-648. Akehurst, G., Afonso, C. &amp; Martins Gonçalves, H. (2012). Re-examining green purchase behavior and the green consumer profile: New evidences. Management Decision, 50(5):972-988. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Towards a Unifying Theory of Behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2):191-215. Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived Self-Efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2):117-148. Batra, R. &amp; Ahtola, O.T. (1991). Measuring the Hedonic and Utilitarian Sources of Consumer Attitudes. Marketing Letters 2, 159-170. Benos, E.  &amp; Jochec, M.  (2013). Patriotic name bias and stock returns. Journal of Financial Markets 16(3):550-570. Bergner, R. M. (2011). What is behavior? And so, what? New Ideas in Psychology, 29(2):147-155. De Bassa, S. C. (2013). Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior among Young Adults: Evidence and Implications. Numeracy - Advanced Education in Quantitative literacy, 6(2). Eberhardt, W., de Bruin, W. B. &amp; Strough, J. (2018). Age differences in financial decision making: The benefits of more experience and less negative emotions. Journal of behavioral decision making, 32(1):79-93. Edirisinghe, U. C., Keerthipala, Y. M. S. &amp; Amarasinghe, A. R. (2017 ). Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior of Management Undergraduates of Sri Lanka. International Journal of Management and Applied Science (IJMAS), 3(7): 1-5. ElHaffar, G., Durif, F. &amp; Dubé, L. (2020). Towards closing the attitude-intention-behavior gap in green consumption: a narrative review of the literature and an overview of future research directions. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122556                     Farrell, L., Fry, T. R. L. &amp; Risse, L. (2016). The significance of financial self-efficacy in explaining women’s personal finance behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology 54: 85–99.  Fraj, E. &amp; Martinez, E. (2006). "Environmental values and lifestyles as determining factors of ecological consumer behaviour: an empirical analysis". Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23(3):133-14. Grable, J. E. &amp; Rabbani, A. (2020). Are Americans financially illiterate? Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 74(1):11-14. Grohmann, A. (2018). Financial Literacy and financial behavior: Evidence from the emerging Asian middle class. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 48(1):129-143. Gross, S. (2019, December 11). The Saudi Aramco IPO breaks records but falls short of expectations. Retrieved from the Brookings Institution website:   https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/11/the-saudi-aramco-ipo-breaks-records-but-falls-short-of-expectations/  Herawati, N. T., Candiasa, I. M., Yadnyana, I. K. &amp; Suharsono, N. (2018). Factors that influence Financial Behavior among Accounting students in Bali. International journal of Business Administration, 9(3):30-38. Jiang, P. &amp; Rosenbloom, B. (2005). Customer intention to return online: price perception, attribute-level performance, and satisfaction unfolding over time. European Journal of Marketing, 39(1/2): 150-174. Karjaluoto, H., Shaikh, A. A., Saarijärvi, H. &amp; Saraniemi, S. (2018). How perceived value drives the use of mobile financial services apps. International Journal of Information Management, 47:252-261.  Kim, E. &amp; Tang, L. (2020). The role of customer behavior in forming perceived value at restaurants: A multidimensional approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102511. Kumar, S., Watung, C., Eunike, J. &amp; Liunata, L. (2017). The Influence of Financial Literacy Towards Financial Behavior and its Implication on Financial Decisions: A survey of President University Students in Cikarang - Bekasi. Firm Journal of management Studies, 2(1):14-23. Lown, J. (2011). Development and Validation of a Financial Self-Efficacy Scale. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 22(2):54-63. Loewenstein, G. (2000). Emotions in economic theory and economic behavior. The American Economic Review, 90(2), 426-432 Mainardes, E. W., Yeh, T. &amp; Leal, A. (2017). Consumers’ evaluations of the efficiency of actions to improve environmental quality: A comparative study between Brazil and China. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 41: 659– 670.  Mudzingiri, C., Mwamba, J. W. M. &amp; Keyser, J. N. (2018). Financial behavior, confidence, risk preferences and financial literacy of university students. Cogent Economics &amp; Finance, 6(1):1512366 Petersen, J. A., Kushwaha, T. &amp; Kumar, V. (2015). Marketing communication strategies and consumer financial decision making: the role of national culture. Journal of marketing, 79 (1):44-63. Plotz, P., Schneider, U., Globisch, J. &amp; Dutschke, E. (2014). Who will buy electric vehicles? Identifying early adopters in Germany. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 67:96-109. Primoratz, I. (2009) “Patriotism”. Retrieved from Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archive website: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/patriotism Rezaei, S. (2015). Segmentation consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) toward marketing practice: A partial least squares (PLS) path modeling approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 22(1):1-15. Robert, A. N. &amp; Obenberger, R. W. (2018). Factors influencing individual investor behavior. Financial Analysts Journal, 50(4): 63-86. Rooij, V. M., Annamaria, L. &amp; Rob, A. (2011). Financial literacy and stock market participation. Journal of Financial Economics, 101(2):449-472. Sheth, J., Newman, B. &amp; Gross, B. (1991). Why We Buy What We Buy: A Theory of Consumption Values. Journal of Business Research, 22:159-170. Sweeney, J. &amp; Soutar, G. (2001). Consumer Perceived Value: The Development of a Multiple Item Scale. Journal of Retailing, 77: 203-220. Theiss-Morse, E., Fried, A., Sullivan, J. &amp; Dietz, M. (1991). Mixing Methods: A Multistage Strategy for Studying Patriotism and Citizen Participation. Political Analysis 3: 89-121. Tokar, A. (2017). Fiancial literacy and Fiaincial behavior: Assessing knowledge and confidence. Financial Services Review, 24(2):101-117. Torben, H. (2005). Perspectives on consumer decision making: an integrated approach. Journal of Consumer behavior,4(6): 420-437. Wel, C. A. C., Alam, S. S., Khalid, N. R. &amp; Mokhtaruddin, S. A. (2018). Effect of Ethnocentrism and Patriotism on the buying intention of Malaysian National Car. UKM Journal of Management (Journal Pengurusan), 52 (14):169-179. Zabkar, V. &amp; Hosta, M. (2012). Willingness to act and environmentally conscious consumer behavior: can prosocial status perceptions help overcome the gap? International journal of Consumer Studies, 37(3):257-264</references>
      <pdf_url>https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/2020-10-27-13-11-33-PM.pdf</pdf_url>
      <authors>
        <author>Khadija Mehrez</author>
        <author>Lubna Hamid</author>
        <author>Ali Medabesh</author>
        <author>Ghousia Nesreen</author>
      </authors>
      <keywords>
        <keyword>Financial Behavior</keyword>
        <keyword>Aramco's IPO</keyword>
        <keyword>Financial Literacy</keyword>
        <keyword>Financial Self-efficacy</keyword>
        <keyword>Patriotism</keyword>
        <keyword>Environmental Concerns.</keyword>
      </keywords>
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        <views>576732</views>
        <downloads>130</downloads>
        <citations>1</citations>
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    </article>
    <article>
      <id>555</id>
      <title>The evaluation of the supply chain management challenges South African fashion designers experience in the retail clothing environment</title>
      <url>https://jbrmr.com/details&amp;cid=555</url>
      <published_date>2020-10-27</published_date>
      <abstract>The purpose of this paper was to investigate the challenges South African fashion designers experienced when managing their supply chain network in the retail clothing industry. In today’s complex markets, the susceptibility of the supply chain is viewed as an ongoing issue for several industries and it is no different for fashion designers. As a result, in the past, the visibility of South African fashion designers in the retail environment appeared to be minimal, due to a number of challenges. This paper is based on qualitative research that made use of in-depth semi-structured interviews with a total of twenty-four participants, with the sample divided into five groups representing different industry professionals. Semi-structured interviews allowed the participants to answer the questions unreservedly based on their own personal and professional experiences. The findings revealed that South African fashion designers in the retail industry experienced a number of supply chain challenges such as cash flow and funding, fabric, challenges associated with cutting, making and trimming (CMT) companies, skills and knowledge, fashion designer’s business acumen, market access and location, human skilled resources, garment and production quality, fragmentation, costing, marketing, competition, and other isolated challenges that were mentioned by a few participants. The practical implications of this paper include the need for responsible stakeholders to put in place mechanisms to reduce the supply-chain-management challenges South African fashion designers are facing in the retail clothing industry. As a result, close proximity supply chain networks that could support effective communication amongst members of the supply chain are recommended.  </abstract>
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      <authors>
        <author>Boitumelo Pooe</author>
        <author>Virimai Mugobo</author>
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      <keywords>
        <keyword>South African Fashion Designers</keyword>
        <keyword>Retail</keyword>
        <keyword>Clothing</keyword>
        <keyword>Challenges</keyword>
        <keyword>Supply-Chain-Management Model</keyword>
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